ماشین سازی بزرگ دیانی

Steel Standards Used

Steel is one of the most important materials used in various industries, especially in machine manufacturing and component production. Steel is classified into four main types: carbon (carbon steel), alloy, stainless, and tool steel. Each type of steel is further categorized into different grades.

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Industry standards for steel play a crucial role in classifying its different types. In the following, we will introduce the various current standards used for steel.

  • German Standardization Institute (DIN)

DIN originally stood for the German term “Deutsch Industrienorm,” meaning “German Industrial Standard,” but it now stands for “Deutsches Institut für Normung,” which means the German Institute for Standardization. In 1974, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) updated this standard in EuroNorm 27-74. The letters used in this standard indicate the type of steel, melting technique, alloying materials, and processing conditions, while the numbers represent the steel materials, carbon content, tensile strength, and the constant point number for the primary alloying element.

  • AISI-SAE (American Iron and Steel Institute – Society of Automotive Engineers)

The AISI-SAE steel standards have been in use since 1941 in the United States and other countries for classifying steel. In this AISI standard, prefix letters are used to indicate the steelmaking process. The letter ‘C’ is used for steels made in open-hearth furnaces or basic oxygen furnaces, while the letter ‘E’ is used for electric arc furnaces. The letter ‘L’ in the name indicates the presence of lead as an additional element. Although this standard is no longer commonly used and has largely been replaced by SAE, ASTM, and other American standards, it is still widely used.

  • ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) / ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

ASTM steel standards are used for classifying, evaluating, and specifying the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of various types of steel, which are primarily used in manufacturing mechanical parts, industrial components, and structural elements. Many other associated equipment related to carbon steels, structural steels, stainless steels, ferritic, austenitic, and alloy steels are also included.

These steel standards assist metallurgical laboratories, refineries, product manufacturers, and other steel end-users in ensuring quality and safe use through proper processing methods and correct application. The ASTM standard is widely recognized and focuses on the characteristics and performance of the product.

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Euro Norm (EN) Standard

The Euro Norm standard, also known as the European standard, is widely used across the European Union for a wide range of industrial and commercial sectors. As the name of this standard suggests, it is applied throughout the EU. These standards may be aligned with global standards such as ISO or IEC, or they may feature content, editorial, or technical modifications specific to the European Union. Such modifications are often included with revisions to the international standard or developed by European standardization organizations.

Despite the widespread adoption and effectiveness of the Euro Norm standard across many European countries, systems like Germany’s DIN, the UK’s BS, France’s AFNOR, and Italy’s UNI are still widely used and are frequently seen in many publications and specifications. In Iran, the DIN standards from Germany and the Chinese GB or YB standards are commonly used for steel.

Japanese Steel Standards (JIS)

The Japanese Steel Standard (JIS) is widely used throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Other national standard systems, such as those in Korea, China, and Taiwan, often adopt the JIS steel standards as a base. The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) for steel materials is divided into two main categories:

  1. Structural Steel: The material numbers for structural steel are similar to CNS. For example, S30C means the steel contains 0.30% carbon.
  2. Other Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel: The material numbers in this category are divided into three parts. The first part refers to the material, the second part to the specifications or application of the steel, and the third part to the type of steel.

Other Steel Standards

In addition to the mentioned standards, other standards are also used by newly industrialized countries such as China (GB and YB standards), India (IS standard), and Brazil (NBR standard). Some Commonwealth countries also use Russia’s GOST standards.

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